Football without the fans: Effect of empty stadiums during pandemic

Playing professional football games in empty stadiums had a hugely negative effect on the success of home teams, with home advantage almost halved, according to new research. The study used the unique opportunity presented by the COVID-19 pandemic to test whether home advantage applies when fans are not present in the stands. They found that home teams accrued significantly fewer points and scored fewer goals when crowds were absent.

from Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210813100323.htm